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Articles in the "Security" category.
Protecting data at rest is not a single switch. Choose the encryption layer (app / DB-TDE / disk), keep keys out of code (env vars → KMS → envelope encryption), encrypt and test-restore backups, and tighten access control — mapped by "which threat, defended by what," with US (breach laws, HIPAA, PCI DSS) and EU (GDPR Art. 32) drivers.
Read moreAuthentication (who you are) and authorization (what you may do), explained as one connected map — from passwords, MFA, and passkeys to SSO, OAuth, OIDC, and SAML, up to Zero Trust. A concept guide for US/EU builders, centered on NIST SP 800-63-4 and eIDAS 2.0.
Read moreAI service safety splits into three tiers: enforced by settings, per-use discipline, and enterprise contracts. Training opt-outs and retention, the three mechanical layers for CLI and autonomous agents, a pre-input five-question checklist, and contract-only guarantees (ZDR, audit logs) — with the US/EU drivers (FTC, state laws, GDPR, AI Act).
Read moreUnderstand communication security through eight layers (OSI 7 plus an authentication / authorization layer): what to defend at each layer (TLS, IPsec, mTLS, zero trust, OAuth / OIDC), a layer-by-layer checklist, and the US/EU drivers (NIST, FedRAMP, NIS2, CRA, GDPR) — for practitioners who are not security specialists.
Read moreUnderstand enterprise networks through three zones and two layers of gatekeepers (firewalls): a parts cheat-sheet, three traffic-flow scenarios, VPN vs ZTNA, cloud-connection choices, and a planning / pre-release checklist — for practitioners who are not infrastructure specialists.
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